Distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing can realize continuous measurement of parameters such as temperature and strain in space. The monitoring distance can reach 100 kilometers and the number of monitoring points can reach one million. It has the advantages of traditional point sensors in large-scale, long-distance and large-capacity sensing. After years of development, distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing has been widely used in the fields of health monitoring of large infrastructure such as oil and gas pipelines, high-voltage transmission lines and bridges, as well as monitoring and early warning of geological disasters such as landslides and road subsidence.